In concrete pavement



Be jiti known that we, ROBERT SKrNNEa and l Sau Francisco, StatefofCalifornia,have in ventccha newl and '-Ilmproved `(loinposition for doll'erebyi declare that' y l i g `and thegmannergofqfmiXliig or preparing .them `1110i construct `payeineiitsyare` described `in" the `followirI g specificatioun` and"` `annexedydrawin elpally to falfnew combination of materials to forniva: eonoreteyhleekofr the desiredslmpe to j construct'` aj roadWeYQI lppavement; y and 'icon-i zlsis'ts" inA the 1f employment-)kof `earthy bituminous andjpitchy substances," combined l with calca- 1 i'eousl rock,` the ywhole@` `being subject'eci` to a ealcining or granulatingproeess by'heat, after 3 Whjichf the material `:formed-into blocks by being `placed.lin imoldsgl or diesand Subj ected' *to hi gh degreeof dpressujre, `whereby theV i blocksbeeome a solid fandcompact `mass of `greattoughnessJandhardness; i J v'lhclond part of un invention relates to themainler of formifngthe4 said blocks, and laying l and cementing; theiu to form `the bond porpavementij` C; i t l j `In orde-rte" jepare `the materials in a 'suitfable manner to construct the blocks, in lau "oven we place eight hundred pounds xoi" as- `phaltum, and submit ijtto a. i sufficient heat to`v X'pel all oifthe water fand throw.y ofi' the gases, 31wliiel1 we will calltgranulating thejasphaltun'i, landgwithoutwhielipsoliaras our experiments hayefeiitendedfn `perfect combination or com- "ll `pre ssiouoan h `lpdifentsavhichwife' m oytofonm axsolidblock` 1g f iecessary.,11` After having l been subjectedto a" certaiudegree got heat, the

"understood vby Workers4 ofasph'a'ltulm, the V-proto a powder, and thisffstate, or after having `*been ground, we place` theealeined asphaltuni' iny a Q, revolving cylinder Lot' `suitable capleity that can :he heated2,009(` llahrenlieit;l` IlWe now add three hundred (300)7,1`iounds ofpulverized zl coal-slag, threehundred (300) pounds of pnl# i 1Q calcareous rock, whicliif is lalso `granelated or L4 pulveriz` e`,d, 1and` twenty (-20) gallons of mineral l iMPi/MENTinconCRETYTPAVEMNT,

`"I'OllrIEClI `BorIlSIE'lpof the city `and coun ty of Street-Pavements, lvipes, Vsewers, drei, andwe i the ingredients" nsed` jilhelrstupart of` ourinvertion relates prin- 'ectedlwitlif the other in greintensity and duration ofnwhich will `be` readily. i

duct beeomescalcined, .and is easily reduced [,veri'zed coke, threefhundred (00) pounds of` "Boniyn'rjjnolani, or" SAN FaANoiso, oALrFoitniA;

4Slpeeiieationthrillingpart of Patent No., 105,502, dated July 19, 1870.

*af,1sfevious1y boiled to expel um water, am

` introduced into the cylinder as the lastingredient. .It t is also essential, to form ajperfec't combination of the materials, that moisture be iexpelled'from the coal-s1ag, coke, and calcareous rock before itsineorporation with the granulated asphaltum in the revolving cyliu der, and this .may bcaccomplishedwith the ling the moisture from the asphaltum.

,The cylinder `should be provided with horizontal rods or other appliances for thoroughly During the process of mixirngg'the cylinder is will 'be raised -to about 2000 Fahrenheit but l in dies or molds underi pressure by hydraulic power, or otherwise, when a block isformed ot' great hardnessarul` durability of the desired form toeonstruct the pa\*ement, which will be "described more fully hereinafter. i

toni View of a blockjoi' our construction; Fig.- 2, aside View, and Fig. 3 an end view.

For constructing pavements, the blocks A are beveled at their top edges, and iiuted at thesides, and of the dimensions of about six inches. at` the base, andfour inches wide at thetop, so that when laid with the broad surface uponthe. foundation or'fbed, theV edges "Wil-lf; toucheach other, and form, by means ol' the lesser width at the top, a'V-shaped groove, with numerous yertical' holes B-beneath, .ex-

way, 'from curb to curb of the street.

Theblocks are laid so" as to break joints,

slightly-rounded off, so that no sharp angles will appearon the line'of travel,

We prefer to lay our pavement upon a natural foundation or bed offsandor earth, after same apparatus as-lthat employed vfor vexpclincorporating and mixing the Whole mass.`

heated soth'at the temperature of the mass care should betaken not to employ so great adegree ot' heat as. to caleine the calcareous' i; lnthe drawing, Figure 1v 'represents a het tending to the foundation or bed of the roadand their upper edges andcorners `areyall sticesbetween the blocks will wear away a -little faster than 'the blocks, by being of less induration or'hardness, and form a foothold for animals passing over the. pavement; also, the vertical holes form receptacles for the cenient, by which a more perfect bond of the pavementis had.

In making pipes,sewers, and tile, the same generalf formula as above describedmaybe employed to a certain extent to produce a material of a greater or lesser degree of toughness and induration by increasing or reducing the proportion of pulverized or granulated calcareous rock. 4

By this union of materials, and the manner.

o'f preparation, a combination is formedy of substances which havea chemical affinity for each other, which, when pla-ced under pressure, forms a solid indurated block or mass of great toughness, and which will be impervious to the action' ofthe weather orsnns rays, and not liable to wear away too rapidly when laid as a pavement or sidewalk by -constant trawl and attrition in passing over it, and when crmented an indissoluble bond is formed ot' the blocks, only to be broken for repairs, ,0r when the foundation is underminedQ'When the union canagain be formed byv cemeuting.

- It is fully believed that the cost will be less than that of a wood pavement,l While a pavement constructed Withlour blocks and mate rial will last much longer, and not be liable to shrink or swell by atmospheric influences.

Having thus described our invention, what We claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, ise l l. A compound formed of the materials named,when mixed and united i'th'e manner described.

2. A pavement constructed of the blocks A, of the compound above claimed, when laid and united by cement, as described.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto sri our.hands and seals.

ROBERT SKINNER. [L s1] B. BONNET. lL. s]

Witnesses: v

C. W. M. SMITH, H. S. TlnBEY. 

